Combination-tool.



No. 659,147. Patented Oct. 2, |900. C. HOLSCLAW.

COMBINATION TO0L.

(Applieacion med Jun 1, 1899.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet l.

Witnesses: [fave/@tors No. 659,|47. Patented Oct. 2, |900. C HULSCLAW COMBINATIUN TO0L.

(Application led June 1, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

um hmm @9625586.52- ,QD www No. 659,|47. Patented Oct. 2, |900. C. HOLSCLAW.

COMBINATION TOOL.

(Application mea .nm'e 1, 1699.) (No Mudal.) 4 Sheets-Shout 3.

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1H: nonms PETERS co. mom-umu, wAsmNGToN, n. c

N0. 659,147. Patented Det. 2, |900. C. HULSCLAW.

CUMBINATIU'N TOOL.

(Application led Juno 1, 1899.)

Ulu Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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mirino states ATENT CFFICE.

COMBINATION-TOOL.

SPECIFICATION formngloart of Letters Patent No. 659,147, dated October 2, 1900.

Application led June 1,1899. berial No. 718,952. lNo model.)

To n/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES HOLSCLAW, of the city of Louisville, county of Jeiferson, State of Kentucky, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Combination-Tools; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to tools for use by mechanics, more especially by machinists,`andd to that species usually denominated combination sets-that is, a combination set of various dierent tools for a variety of uses or purposes which will answer all the purposes of as many different tools each complete in itself for each one of said several purposes; but the parts are all so constructed and arranged as to be used interchangeably, the main or head stock of the set forming one of the elements in most all of the combinations.

Previous to my invention there have been devised a number of combination sets of tools for mechanics use, some of which are manufactured and marketed and are in extensive use. I, however, propose by my invention to providefor use a combination set which while it is composed of comparatively-few separate and separable parts that can be made and sold at comparatively-small cost can be adjusted or can have its movable and removable parts assembled under various arrangements, so that the set can be made to perfectly serve the purposes of a greater number of tools than any combination set heretofore devised that I know of.

'lo these main endsand objects my invention consists generally in a combination set substantially such as will be found hereinafter fully described and most particularlyA pointed out in the claims of this specification; and it furtherconsists, specifically, in various structural features and combinations of devices also t'ully explained hereinafter and also most particularly pointed out in the claims of this speciiication-` To enable those skilled in the art to which my invention relates to make and use acombination set embodying either in whole or in part the several features of said invention carried into effect in either the precise forms vshown or under some modification thereof, I will now proceed to fully describe the construction and operation of my combination set of tools as I have so far actually made and used the same, referring by letters to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, and in which I have illustrated my invention carried out exactly as I have so far practiced it.

In the drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of the necessary parts or separate devices properly assembled or combined to constitutea perfect try-square used ver 1 commonly or, indeed, universally by machinists and iron-workers generally. Fig. 2 represents a detail perspective view of the dierent parts detached which are used in forming the different combination tools or sets. Fig.`3 is an enlarged detail sectional View showing the manner lof securing the blade to the stock to form a try-square. Fig. isa perspective view showing the head-stock and blade combined or assembled to form a bevel-protractor. Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail sectional view showing the manner of connecting the blade to the stock to form a protracton Fig. 6 is a perspective View of the parts assembled to form a bevel. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the parts assembled to form a T-square. Fig. 7a is a sectional view1 of the stock A, showing the position of screw-stud la. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the try-square provided with a needle to form a depth-gage. Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail sectional view of a clampingnutfor securing the needle in position when the parts are assembled to form a depthgage. Fig. l0 is a side elevation of the parts assembled to form a surface-gage. Fig. ll represents the parts assembled to form a universal surface-gage. Fig. l2 represents a boxsquare, Fig. 13 is across-sectional view of the box-square, taken Ain the plane indicated by dotted lines at 13 13 in Fig. l2; and Fig. 14 is a perspective view and represents the combination of the different parts assembled to form a peculiar form of surface-gage for use in depressed surfaces.

For the formation of the toolshown in Fig. l, which is termed a try-square, the two essential or cardinal devices of the set or series of separable parts are u$ednamely, the

main or head stock A and the scale-blade B. The head-stock A consist-s of apiece of metal preferably of the shape shownin Figs. l and 2, and said stock is provided at one end with a central longitudinal slot c, in which the squared end l) of the blade B is preferably entered vertically, as clearly shown in Fig. l. A clamping-stud d, consisting of a stem having a hooked end and threaded at its innerend, extends longitudinally through the stock in line with the slot c and enters said slot. A thumb-nutis provided on the threaded portion of the stem, and a coiled spring is arranged around the stem, which operates to automatically draw the stud home and seat its clamping-head against the surface, on which it is tc be forcibly pressed by the turning of the thumb-nut of said stud. An aperture is formed in the body portion of the stock, as clearly shown in Figs. l and 2, to admit the fingers of the operator in turning the thumb-nut. The blade B is provided with slots or apertures E E2, each having a beveled edge and an enlarged entering-aperture F. The blade is also formed with a rounded corner to correspond with the curved or rounded end of the head or stock A, which is useful in forming the tool known as a bevel and which is illustrated in Fig. 6. The further construction of the head or stock will be described as the formation of dierent tools with the use of the stock are considered further on in the specification.

In assembling the blade B and stock A, as shown at Fig. l, lo make a try-square said blade has its squared end b properly entered vertically within the central longitudinal slot c of the head-stock and is then pushed on downwardly, the hook end :tof clampingstnd d entering and passing along in the blade-groove e until when the blade has been pushed into place fully said hook end .fr enters the lower part of aperture E2, when by turning home the thumb-nut said hook end is drawn into forcible contact with the beveled edge of said aperture, (see Fig. 3,) and thus the blade and head-stock are lvery securely fastened together.

It may be remarked right here that in all the combinations in which the blade B is in any manner fastened to head-stock A by means of a hook-headed securing-stud the latter engages with the beveled edge of one or the otherof the blade-apertures E and E2.

Fig. 4 shows the head-stock and blade differently combined or assembled to make the tool called a bevelprotractor. In the formation of this tool the blade B is assembled with the head A through the medium of the gripping-head of a clamping-stud 0r., the shank of which passes centrally through a revoluble circular disk g, which lies within a correspondingly-shaped countersink in the sideor surface of the head A near the semicircnlar end of the latter, (see Fig. 5,) and which when drawn home by tightening up the thumb-nut C securely fastens the blade mark, as shown,while on the contiguous surface of the head A at D is a scale of degrees, so that by any desired adjustment of said zero-mark relatively to said scale the blade B (when loosened) may be set at any desired angle to the line of the head A in a manner and for a purpose well known and there securely fastened in place by the means shown (see Fig. 5) and just above described. The gripping claw-like head a of the clampingstud engages, it will be seen, with the beveled edge of the oblong aperture E of the blade, so that through the medium of this arrangement of blade and securing-stud and the coa-otion therewith of a groove in the under side of the blade in engagement with the projecting tongue of the disk g a perfectly-reliable union of the parts B and g is effected by means very simple and economic of manufacture in making the combination set. At the same time, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 5, the separate parts of the combination, including the revoluble disk and the securing clamp-stud, are economic of manufacture. It will be understood, of course, that to detach the parts of the bevel-protractor it is only necessary to loosen the thu mb-nnt to ease up the gripping-stud head a, then slide the blade B until said head coincides with end enlargement F of the aperture E, and then lift off the blade, and that to assemble or reassemble the parts the reverse of this operation is necessary. When thus set to form the bevel-protractor, the tool formed is perfect in construction and operation and very strong and durable, while at the same time its cost of production is comparatively small.

Fig. 6 shows what is commonly called a bevel, and to form this tool it is only necessary to assemble the blade B and head A in substantially the way shown at Fig. 4 to make a bevel-protractor, but with the blade B set with the clamping-stud head a clear to one end of the blade-aperture E and so that the rounded or greater circle corner of one end of the blade coincides with rounded end of head v A, all as clearly shown.

As is well known, thistool is used mostly for the purpose of obtaining the angle of any part in a machine or y device and transformingit accurately to some other piece of work. The tool, as shown, is perfect structurally, is exceedingly durable, and simple of construction.

Fig.. 7 shows a T-square, a tool or implement used by the machinist for well-known IIO plirposes-such, for instance, as drawing'or scribing a line on the surface of a bore in a pulley gear-Wheel, &c., parallel with the axis of the bore, dto. In forming this tool or implement the blade B is combined with the recessed or depressed portion G (see Figs. 6 and 7) of the head A and is securely fastened thereto by the gripping-head It of a clam ping screw-stud 1c', that is provided at its threaded end with a th limb-nut H, (see Figs. l and 7,) by which it is drawn home and loosened, as desired. The width of the depression G corresponds exactly with that of the blade B, and While the latterhasoneof its edges beveled or chamfered 0E, as best seen at I', that edge or wall of the recess G with which the edge I of the said blade contacts is made of a corresponding shape or is undercut, so that this beveled or chamfered edge of the blade perfectly tits thereto. As before eXplained,-one edge of the oblong aperture E in the blade is beveled, and it is with this edge that the hooklike gripping or clamping head k of the securingstud seen at Fig. 7 coacts. By the means and in the manner shown a perfect T-square is formed by means simple, economic of man u-4 facture, and easily manipulated.

It may be remarked here that all of the clamping-studs are preferably arranged with coiled springs around their body portions, which operate to automatically draw them home and seat their clamping-heads against the surfaces on which they are to be forcibly pressed by the turning of the thumb-nuts of said studs.

Fig. S is a perspective View of the try-square shown at Fig. 1, but viewed from the opposite side, and showing the combination, with blade B and stock or head A of the trysquare, of certain other (heretofore unmentioned) pieces or parts of the combination set to form what is called a depth-gage-t'. e., a tool or instrument for measuring the depth of a groove or hole in the surface of some part or piece of machinery being worked on (usually) in a shop. This tool or implement involves the use of a needle--such, for instance, as seen at O-and the needle O adjustably combined directly with the blade B, as shown, by means of a clamping device P, as will be present-ly described. It will be ob served by reference to Fig. t5 that the headl or stock-A (on that side exposed to View in said figure) is formed with an angular recess or cut at Q, Within the angle of which recess lies vertically (but not quite in contact with either wall of the recess) the needle O, all in such manner, as shown, that the base of the head A can be placed on top of the surface ot' anything with the lower end of needle O in the groove or hole in thesn rt'ace of such thing, when by forcing the needle downward until its point or lower end contacts with the bot toin of such groove or hole and then-clamp-4 ing the needle fast to blade B by the use of the securing device P an exact measurement or gage of the depth of such groove'or hole will have been obtained and will be retained, represented by the distance from the point ot' the needle O to the base or lower plane surface of the head A at a point close to the side of the needle, and it will be understood that if it be requisite to make or produce another like groove or hole (or a series of them) in some other surface or part of machinerysuch hole or groove (or a series of them) can be made of exactly theright depth by cutting or boring such groove or hole to a depth to mal ch or gaged by the depth-gage shown.

The construction of the needle-clamping device P is exceedinglysimple, though at the same time I have devised said device so that it performs the double function of a fastening ot` a needle readily to the said holder P and a securement of the said holder to the blade B of the try-square. The cross-sectional detail View, Fig. 9, which is taken on a plane indicated by the line 9 9of Fig. Sand is on a somewhat-enlarged scale, shows (in connection with the other figures of the drawings) just how this clamping device is made and works. By reference to this tigure it. will be seen that rt is a sort of tubular piece, with its bore conntersunk, so that the circu lar head b' of the bolt or stud seats itself (when drawn home) on the shoulderorcountersink at c and that said bolt or stud has a square or rectangular body portion d', that is of the proper size to tit easily within the oblong aperture or blade Bwidthwise of said aperture, and that beyond this square body portion CZ the bolt or stud is cylindrical and screw-threaded, the diameterof this threaded portion e being slightly less than the width of one of the sides of the squared part d', and it will be also seen that with the parts in juxtaposition when the base of at is not quite in contact with the adjacent. surface of blade B the squared portion d of the stud or bolt will fit and lie within the aperture of said blade, While the threaded portion of said stud will project beyond the opposite side of the blade to that against which comes the base of part ct'. f' is au angular-shaped collar that, as seen, tits over the smaller portion a and the base of which contacts with blade B, while g' is a Washer arranged around about the threaded end of the stud and on the opposite side of blade B, a knurled thumb-nut h being applied, as seen, to said threaded portion of the stud. ln operation where the parts of this clamping device are combined With the blade Bin the manner shown in the drawings, but without having the thumb-nut turned clear home or tightened up, the needle O may be entered or threaded within the diametrically-opposite holes ot' the part ct', as seen at Fig. S, to any described extent-as, for instance, until the point of the needle arrives at the position seen at said figure-to register or take a depth measurement, When byfforcibly tightening up the thumb-nut h IIO the screw-stud is pulled on in opposition to the forcible contact of its head on the coun tersink at c and the forcible contact of washer g against one side of blade B until the part a is drawn home, pressing on the outer surface of the needle O where the latter is embraced by the perforations of a', thus clamping the inner portion or surface of said needle against the annular edge z" of the hubshaped collarf. As, however, the base of this collar thus comes into forcible contact with surface of blade B, it follows that this tightening up of the thumb-nut 7L also acts to clamp said collar against said blade, and thus by the tightening up or turning home of the said thu1nbnut, with the needle in place, as seen at Fig. 8, it results that the needle is securely fastened against any movement relatively to the clamping device P, and the blade B is also so tightly clamped between the opposing collar-like lparts of the clamping device P that the latter cannot move relatively to said blade. All the pieces or parts of the device P, it will now be understood, are so simple of construction that the whole device can be made or manufactured (as part of the combination set) at com paratively-small oost, and the simplicity and great efficiency and durability of this part of my combina tion set I consider important.

Fig. l0 shows the same combination of elements or parts, but with the needle-clamps P arranged in connection with the upper oblong aperture E of the blade B, so that the needle O is held in a more elevated position and so that the t'ool shown may be used as what is called a surface-gage.

Fig. Il is a universal surface-gage, and to form this tool or instrument the needle O, needle-clamp I), and blade B are combined as before shown and described; but the arrangement of the head or stock A with the blade is changed, as shown, so that the opposite end of B is attached to A, and the attachment with A is made by means of the hook-l1eaded clamping-stud a, (shown at and described with reference to Fig. 4,) so that while the blade B may be set and securely fastened in the positions seen it may also be adjusted to occupy other and different positions relatively to the head or stock A, and as both t-he relationship of the needle and blade and that of the blade and head may be varied at pleasure the tool may be variously used according to surrounding circumstances, as will be readily understood by those familiar with the uses and purposes of the universal surface-gage.

Fig. l2 shows what is known as a boX- square, and this tool Iform, it will be seen, by the combination of only the two parts or pieces A (the head) and B, (the blade.) In the formation of a box-square, as shown, the blade B is simply engaged with head A by first inserting the lower edge of the blade at the vicinity of the end portion marked b2 within the vertical groove r of the head and then sliding the inserted blade edge along endwise in said groove until the parts come into the vrelative position shown. This tool or implement, as is well known, is very useful for the purpose of marking or scribing a line on the surface of a round bar or shaft perfectly parallel with the imaginary axis of the latter. In the box-square of my combination set there is no manipulation of any clamping or securing device necessary, the blade B and stock or head A being properly held in combination by an automatic friction clamp or holder, which I consider an important element of my combination set and which I will now describe.

At Fig. 13 I have made a cross-sectional view of the box-square, taken in a plane indicated by the dotted line at 13 13 of Fig. 12, and by reference to these two figures now it will be seen that within a circular depression s in the head A is seated a metallic disk or small circular plate t, formed with a lateral projection, which protrudes through a cut-away in the vertical wall of said depression or recess s into (but not across) the groove r of the head. This disk t, which is preferably made of spring-steel, is securely held in place by a centrally-arranged screw u, that is tapped into the stock of the head A, and its laterally-projectinglip uis formed with a downwardly-projecting edge, which, as shown, is slightly runner-shaped, so that where the blade B is inserted in groove r and then pushed along therein the said liplike projection will easily enter the open end of groove r, and its unner-shaped edge bearing on the bottom wall of said groove will operate to hold the blade in confinement with the head A with a spring-pressure suiicient to maintain the proper assemblage of the blade and stock and at the same time permit the withdrawal of the blade endwise when desired. This means of holding the parts in engagement while perfectly efficient is exceedingly simple, and I deem it an important feature of my invention.

Fig. 14 is a perspective View of my combination set, showing the combination of the head A, the blade B, the needle O, and the clamping device P, but under an arrange.- ment of these parts a little different from those seen at Figs. l2 and I3, and thus combined these parts constitute a peculiar form of surface-gage that may often be used with great convenience where it may be desired to TIO surface-gage some depressed surface into or part of other combination sets heretofore known and used, and by reference to this figure, showing the group of separable parts detached, and an observation of the referenceletters thereon the specific construction of the various parts of my combination set will be perfectly comprehended after all I have herein before stated with reference to the stru ctu re of each and the ways in which the various combinations are to be made.

Having now so fully explained the parts and their combinations to form the various tools for the different purposes set forth that any skilled tool-maker can make and use a combination set accordingr to my invention either in whole or in part, and wishing it to be understood that I do not wish to restrict my claims to all the parts and combinations shown where less than all can be used with such advantage as is due to my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A head or stock for a combination set provided with a deep longitudinal groove extending in one face thereof from end to endl and Wit-h a recess in the same face at one side of the groove and opening into said groove, a friction-plate seated in the recess and provided with a lip extending into said longitudinal groove, a blade seated edgewise in said longitudinal groove and provided with a longitudinal groove in one side which receives the lip of the plate, and a screw for pressing the friction-plate vertically in the recess, and forcing its lip into contact with the inner wall of the groove of the blade, substantially as described.

2. A head or stock for a combination set provided with a transverse groove in one of its faces, one of its walls being undercut, and a hole being bored from the bottom of the groove through the head, a screw-threaded bar in said opening having a hooked end projecting into the groove and held against rotating or moving laterally, a blade provided with a longitudinal slot, one edge of the-'bladeand' the adjacent wall of the slot being oppositely inclined, the blade being adapted to slide in the groove and be clamped between the inclined wall of the groove and the hook end of the bar, the inclined edge of the blade engaging the inclined Wall of the groove and the hooked end of the screw-threaded bar engaging the inclined wall of the slot, the slot being provided with an enlargement at one end to admit the hooked end of the bar and the opposite end of the slot of the blade being closed and acting as a stop to prevent the endwise removal of the blade from the screw-threaded bar, and a nut on the inner end of the bar, substantially as described.

3. A head or stock provided with a cylindrical socket in one of its faces,having a central aperture extending from its bottom through the stock, a clamping-disk seated in the socket, having a radial slot terminating at its center, a rib o n the outer face of the disk to one side of the center and parallel with said slot, a clamping-screw passed through the stock and provided with an undercut. beveled head and adapted to slide in the radial slot to the center of the disk, and a clamping-nut on the screw on the opposite sidev of the stock, substantially as described.

4. A head-stock for a combination set provided with registering cylindrical sockets in opposite faces separated by a wall having a central aperture, a rotary clamping-disk seated in one of said sockets and provided with a straight ril) on its outer face to one sidelof the center and a radial slot parallel with the rib and terminating at the center of the disk, a clamping-screw in the central aperture of the separating-wall between the sockets, an undercut beveled head on said screw adapted to slide in the radial slot to the center of the disk, and a clamping-nut threaded on the screw in the opposite socket, substantially as described.

5. A head-stock for a combination set provided With registering cylindrical sockets in opposite faces, separated by a wall having a central aperture, a rotary clamping-disk seated in oneof said socket-s and provided with a straight rib on its outer face to one side of the center and a radial slot parallel with the rib and terminating at the center of the disk, a clamping-screw in the central aperture of the separating-wall between the sockets, an undercut beveled head on said screw adapted to slide in the radial slot to the center of the disk, a clamping-nut threaded on the screw in the opposite socket, and a blade provided with a longitudinal slot and an entrance-hole at the end of the slot to receive the beveled head, a beveled wall on one side of said slot to engage the beveled head and a groove in one face parallel with the slot adapted to fit over the rib on the disk, substantially as described.

6. Acombination set, comprising in its con- -struction a suitable head or stock provided with a suitable retaining-groove and carrying a clamping-stud which works in said groove, a blade provided with a slot and having a beveled edge carrying a countersunk tubular device, perforated diametrically for the accommodation of a needle, a clamping steel bearing, a head seated in said tubular device, a rectangular or polygonally-shaped body portion, a threaded end portion, a collar-like part embracing the smaller part of the tubular device, a suitable washer surrounding the threaded part of the stud, and a suitable nut on said threaded part, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of May, 1899.

v CHARLES HOLSCLAW.

In presence of- A. Y. RENAU, F. T. MARION.

IOO 

